Louisiana Private Investigator Licensing Practice Exam

What type of evidence is based on inference rather than personal knowledge or observation?

1. Direct evidence

2. Circumstantial evidence

3. Testimonial evidence

4. Physical evidence

The correct answer is: Circumstantial evidence

Circumstantial evidence is defined as evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact. This type of evidence does not directly prove a fact but instead allows a conclusion to be drawn based on the surrounding circumstances. For example, if a witness sees a person near a crime scene at the time it occurred, but does not see them commit the crime, their presence could serve as circumstantial evidence suggesting involvement or linkage to the crime. In contrast, direct evidence provides straightforward proof of a fact, such as eyewitness testimony confirming that someone saw the crime being committed. Testimonial evidence refers to statements made under oath by witnesses, which can include both direct and circumstantial elements but is not exclusively circumstantial. Physical evidence consists of tangible items, such as fingerprints or weapons, which can directly link a person to a crime without the need for inference. Thus, the distinguishing feature of circumstantial evidence is its reliance on inference rather than direct observation or personal knowledge.